Refrigeration



I). 23, 1941. w, KO EL 2,267,278

- REFRIGERATION Filed Dec. 25, 1958 3 Sheets-Sheet l IN VENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

w. G. KOGEL.

REFRIGERATION Dec. 23, 1941.

Filed Dec. 23, 1958 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 .INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

Tick-Z.

w. G. KOGEL REFRIGERATI-ON Dec. 23, 194%] ATTORNEY.

Patented Dec. 23, 1941 REFRIGERATION Wilhelm Georg Kiigel, Evansville, Ind., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Servel, Inc., New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application December 23, 1938, Serial No. 247,399

Claims.

My invention relates to pressure equalized absorption refrigeration systems, and it is an object of the invention to provide a pipe coil type condenser in such a system which affords auxiliary pressure equalizing fluid storage and temporary refrigerant fluid accumulation with simplestructure having small space requirements as set forth in the following description and accompanying drawings forming part of this specification, and of which:

Fig. 1 shows more or less diagrammatically a refrigeration system embodying the invention;

' Fig. 2 is a side view of a refrigerator, partly broken away, showing parts of the system inFig. 1.mounted in a refrigerator cabinet;

Fig. Sshows more or less diagrammatically a refrigeration system embodying a modified form of the invention;

Fig. 4 is a top view of a part of the apparatus in Fig. 3; and

Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view on line 55 in Figs. 3'and 4.

Referring to Fig. 1, a generator III has a chamber II, a chamber I2, a standpipe l3 having its lower end connected to chamber I2, and a thermosyphon or-vapor lift conduit id connected from chamber II to the upper part of standpipe I3. The generator is heated by a burner I5 arranged so that the flame is projected into a flue II; which extends through the chambers II and I2.

A condenser is composed of a finned pipe coil section I1 and a second pipe coil section l8. The lower ends of sections I1 and I8 are connected together. In the bottom of the pipe forming condenser section I8 are a series of indentations I9. The upper end of condenser section I1 is connected by a conduit 28 to the upper end of generator standpipe I3. A portion of conduit 20 is provided with rectifier fins 2|.

A pipe coil type evaporator 22 is located in a refrigerator storage compartment 23. An absorber 24 is formed by a finned pipe coil; The upper end of absorber 25 is connected by outer passage 25 of a gas heat exchanger 25 and a conduit 21 to the lower end of evaporator 22. The upper end of evaporator 22 is connected by a conduit 28, a conduit 29, the inner passage 36 of gas heat exchanger 26, and a conduit 3I to the lower end of absorber 2d. The upper end of evaporator 22 is connected by a conduit 32 to the lower end of condenser section I8. The upper end of condenser section I8 is connected by a conduit 33 to conduit 29. w

The lower end of absorber 24 is connected b conduit 3| to the top of an absorber vessel 3 The bottompi vessel-38 is connected bya conduit 35, outer passage '36 of a liquid heat exchanger 31, and conduit 38 to generator chamber I I. Generator chamber I2 is connected by a conduit 39, inner passage II! of liquid heat exchanger 31, and conduit M to the upper end of absorber 24.

The above described apparatus is evacuated and charged with a solution of refrigerantfiuid in absorption liquid; such as a solution of ammonia in water, and an inert auxiliary pressure equalizing fluid, such as hydrogen. The conv denser, absorber, and rectifier are air cooled. The generator is heated by burner I5. In the generator, ammonia vapor is expelled from solution in chambers II and I2. Vapor in chamber II rises through conduit It, causing upward flow of liquid in this conduit into standpipe I3. Vapor in chamber I2 rises through liquid to the upper end of standpipe I3.

Ammonia vapor flows from the upper end of standpipe I3 through conduit 20 to the condenser I1, I8. Ammonia vapor is condensed to liquid in the condenser and flows through conduit 32 into the upper end of evaporator 22.

. Liquid ammonia flows downward in evaporator 22 and evaporates and diffuses into hydrogen,

producing arefrigerating efiect for cooling re frigerator compartment 23; Rich gas flows from the upper end of evaporator 22 through conduit 28, conduit 29, heat exchanger 26, and conduit 3! into absorber 2d. Ammonia vapor is absorbed into solution in v absorber 24. Weak gas flows from the upper end of absorber 2d through gas heat exchanger 26 and conduit 21 back to evaporator'ZZ.

Strong solution flows from the lower end of absorber 24 through conduit 3i into absorber .serve hydrogen. At high loads, as upon'increase in room temperature, ammonia vapor passes from condenser section I1 into condenser section I8. Ammonia vapor entering coil I8 displaces hydrotrapped in condenser section l8 out of circulation in the circuit. This causes a reduction in the average concentration of solution in the generator-absorber liquid circuit, whereby the capacity of the system is increased.

Fig. 2 shows in side elevation a refrigerator cabinet 43 containing a refrigeration apparatus system like that described in connection with Fig. 1. Part of the cabinet is broken away to show the evaporator 22 and condenser sections upper part of the refrigerator storage compartment 23; The finned condenser section l1 and condenser section l8 are located side by side in the upper part of a flue space 44 in the rear of the refrigerator cabinet. The pipe or tubing forming the flat pipe coil I8 is larger in diameter than the tubing forming the condenser section H to afford a large storage capacity for hydrogen.

In Figs. 3, 4,- 'and a condenser in accordance with the present invention is shown as concentric pipe coils. The refrigeration system illustrated in Fig. 3 is charged and operates like that described in connection with Fig. 1 but the apparatus parts are slightly different in form. A generator 45 is heated by a burner 46 arranged so that the flame projects upward in the lower end of a flue 41 which extends upward through the generator. A thermosyphon or vapor lift conduit 48 has a portion 49 coiled about the lower end of flue 41. The upper end of conduit 48 is connected to the upper part of generator 45.

A condenser comprises an outer pipe coil 56 and an inner pipe coil 5|. The lower ends of coils 56 and 5| are connected together. The tubing forming coil 5| is larger in diameter than the tubing of 'coil 50. In the bottom of the tubing forming coil 5| are a series of indentations 52. The upper end of coil 50 is connected by a conduit 53 and a conduit 54 to the upper part of generator 45. Conduit 54 is provided with rectifler fins 55.

An evaporator 56 is located in a refrigerator storage compartment 51. The upper part of evaporator 56 is connected by a conduit 51 to the lower ends of condenser coils 56- and 5|;

An absorber 58 is provided with heat radiation fins 59 for air cooling. The upper part of absorber 58 is connected by a conduit 66, a gas heat exchanger 6|, and a conduit 62 to the upper part of evaporator 56. The lower part of evaporator 56 .is connected by a conduit 63, gas heat exchanger 6|, and conduit 64 to the lower part of absorber 58. A drain conduit 65 is connected from the gas heat exchanger 6| to the bottom of absorber 58.

The upper part of absorber 58 is'connected by a conduit 66, a liquid heat exchanger 61, and a conduit 68 to the lower end of generator 45. The bottom of absorber 58 is connected by a conduit 69, liquid heat exchanger 61, and a conduit to the lower end of vapor lift coil 49.

The general principles of operation of this sys- 11 and I8. The evaporator 22 is located in the tem are like that described in connection with Fig. 1. The heat of burner 46 causes expulsion of ammonia vapor from solution in generator and coil 49. Vapor rising from coil 49 through conduit 48 causes circulation of absorption liquid in the generator-absorber liquid circuit. Ammonia vapor flows from the generator through conduits 54 to 53 to the condenser section 56. Liquid ammonia flows from the condenser through conduit 51 into evaporator 56. Hydrogen circulates in the absorber-evaporator circuit. Liquid ammonia evaporates and diffuses into the hydrogen in evaporator 56. Ammonia vapor is absorbed-out of the gas into solution in the absorber 58. The upper end of condenser section 5| is connected by a conduit 1| to the gas heat exchanger 6|. During operation of the system at ordinary room temperatures, all the ammonia vapor condenses in section 50. Upon increase in room temperature, ammonia vapor enters condenser section 5| and displaces hydrogen from this coil through conduit 1| into the absorberevaporator circuit. Upon the resulting increase in pressure, condensation of ammonia vapor again takes place in both condenser sections and liquid ammonia flows into the evaporator as described. Some ammonia condensate is retained in condenser section 5| by the dams formed by indentations 52 so that the average concentration of ammonia in the generator-absorber liquid circuit is lowered and the capacity of the apparatus thus increased.

What is claimed is:

1. In a refrigeration system having a generator-absorber liquid circuit and an evaporatorabsorber auxiliary inert gas circuit, a condenser comprising a plurality of upright pipe coils con- ;nected at their lower ends for flow of condensate therefrom to the evaporator, a connection for vapor from the generator to one of said coils, and

a connection from the upper end of another of said coils to said gas circuit.

2. In a refrigeration system having a generator-absorber liquid circuit and an evaporatorabsorber auxiliary inert gas circuit, a condenser comprising a plurality of upright pipe coils connected at their lower ends for flow of condensate therefrom to the evaporator, a connection for vapor from the generator to one of said coils, and

a connection from another of said coils to said gas circuit, said pipe coils being flat and located side by side in parallel planes.

3. In a refrigeration system having a generator-absorber liquid circuit and an evaporatorabsorber auxiliary inert gas circuit, a condenser comprising a plurality of upright pipe coils connected at their lower ends for flow of condensate therefrom to the evaporator, a-connection for vapor from the generator-to one of said coils, and

a connection from another of said coils to said gas circuit, said second-mentioned coil being 10-.

cated inside said first-mentioned coil.

5. In combination with a refrigerator cabinet having a storage compartment and an air-flow compartment outside of the storage compartment, a refrigeration system having a generatorevaporator liquid circuit and an evaporatorabsorber inert gas circuit. a condenser comprising a plurality of uprightpipe coils connected at their lower ends for flow of condensate therefrom to the evaporator, a connection for vapor from the generator to one of said coils, and a connection from another ofsaid coils to said gas circuit, said coils being flat and located side by side in said air-flow compartment.

WILHELM GEORG K6GEL. 

